Shock absorbers according to EN 355 are used as part of a fall protection system in areas at risk of falling, for example when climbing structures or moving within structures. Compact sewn shock absorber packs are the most common design, available in single strand I or double strand Y versions.
For safety, shock absorbers in single strand (I-Shape) can be used, allowing the user a permanent connection between harness and anchor point, however if a change or re-hanging is to be done, shock absorbers in Y shape are used, here the second arm of the connecting means can perform a re-hanging or change of the anchoring device without the user being unsecured in the meantime.
The energy occurring during a fall is converted by tearing the seams of the shock absorber, whereby the previously compact shock absorber is lengthened by tearing and the catch shock is reduced to about 6 kn, a measure still tolerable for the human body.
The maximum permissible length of a shock absorber including connecting means and carabiner is 2m, the required free fall space below the user must be considered. This can be up to 5.75m, therefore it is absolutely necessary to check whether a shock absorber is the right means of security, and where the anchor points are located. The higher the user can hook in with the shock absorber, the better.
Short-circuiting the shock absorber is accidentally possible in the Y version and must be avoided at all costs, as otherwise the shock absorber cannot open correctly in the event of a fall and the catch shock is correspondingly higher for the user. Short-circuiting refers to the hooking in of the unused strand of a Y-shock absorber, for example at the side positioning eyelet of the belt, which results in the unused arm being tightly pulled on the positioning eyelet in the event of triggering, preventing the complete tearing of the shock absorber pack, resulting in an increased catch shock on the user.
Different lengths, designs, the body weight of the user and the choice of the height of the anchorage point require a different long path to dissipate the fall energy, therefore it cannot be determined in advance how far the shock absorber triggers in the event of a fall.
In any case, the user must be instructed in the use, this is to be repeated annually. Under no circumstances should a shock absorber be used for hanging work, as a first triggering can occur at 2 kN.
Shock absorbers are disposable items, as soon as they have triggered partially, they must be disposed of immediately and must not be reused. An inspection by a qualified person must take place at least once a year or more often if needed.
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